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Multimedia Items


Sound waves data plot

This image was created using sound waves that traveled through the ocean, through the seafloor, and back up to recorders trailing a ship on the surface. By measuring the time…

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The formation of 18° mode water

18° water forms when cold winter winds blow over warm surface waters. Heat and moisture rise into the atmosphere. The cooler, denser waters left behind sink and form a layer…

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OTZ Mixing Pump and Migration Pump

MIGRANT PUMP: The diel vertical migration (DVM) is a major part of the ocean’s BCP. As the sun sets each day, many animals living in the twilight zone—including fishes, gelatinous…

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Plates Collide

When two plates carrying continents collide, the continental crust buckles and rocks pile up, creating towering mountain ranges. The Himalayas were born when the Indian subcontinent smashed into Asia 45…

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Plates Separate

The Mid-Ocean Ridge and rift valleys, such as the one that runs through eastern Africa, occur along boundaries where plates are spreading apart. New oceanic crust is created as the…

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