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For all its ice, cold, and six months of darkness, the oceans around Antarctica are teeming with life. Penguins, whales, and seals inhabit the area where sea ice meets open ocean. Over the past two years, WHOI marine biogeochemist Mak Saito and his colleagues at J.C. Venter Institute have been studying life at the bottom of the food chain in Antarctica — phytoplankton, the microscopic plants of the sea. Read more about the research in the latest issue of Oceanus Magazine.

(Photo courtesy of Mak Saito, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)