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Subsea oil seep

About half of ocean oil comes from natural seeps. Studying their path helps scientists better understand how oil moves and settles after spills.

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Mass spectrometry process

Mass Spec process to compare and contrast the compounds produced by different phytoplankton

Proteomics helps scientists see how ocean organisms respond to change by analyzing the proteins they produce—not just what they can do, but what they are doing.

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Sperm whale path

D-tag data show sperm whales use rhythmic “codas” to communicate and rapid “buzzes” to pinpoint prey, revealing how they navigate and hunt in the deep.

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Subsea asphalt volcano

Faulting or rupturing in the Earth around allows oil and gas from subterranean reservoirs to seep up to the seafloor, while some oil solidifies to create asphalt volcanoes.

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How a hurricane forms

At the equator, trade winds create a surface current east to west, while the Equatorial Undercurrent brings cooler, nutrient-rich water, promoting marine life.

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How multibeam sonar works

Multibeam sonar maps the seafloor by sending sound waves from ships or vehicles and measuring echoes to reveal depth, shape, and surface features.

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How sidescan sonar works

Sidescan sonar towed 500m above the seafloor maps surface textures. Soft mud appears dark; hard features like crusts or shells show up as bright images.

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The carbon exchange cycle

Carbon moves between air, land, and sea. In the ocean, CO? dissolves, is used by life, or stored in deep rocks—key to climate and life on Earth.

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Air-sea daily rhythm

Daily, sunlight warms ocean surface waters; at night, cooled, heavier water sinks and mixes down, renewing the surface for the next day’s heat exchange cycle.

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How biomagnification works

Contaminants cling to tiny particles eaten by small fish, then concentrate up the food chain. Top predators like dolphins get the highest contaminant doses.

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