福島第一原子力発電所事故から2年後、原子炉4号機付近で放射線モニターを使って放射能レベルを調べた作業員たちは、1時間あたり114マイクロシーベルトという高い値を計測した。写真提供:EPA、加藤一生、プレス・プール » English version 現在「日本の三重災害」として知られている地震、津波、原発事故の苦難の連鎖は、海底の大規模な破壊とともに始まった。 2011年3月11日午後2時46分、東北沖の海底、日本海溝の底でぶつかり合うユーラシアプレートと太平洋プレートにすべりが生じた。ここは世界で最も地震が多発する地帯であり、このようなすべりの発生は珍しいことではない。海底で上の地層が下の地層に対してずり上がる巨大衝上断層は長さ約800kmにもわたり、比較的小さな揺れなら毎年数百回も起こっている。 ただ、そのすべりは通常とは違っていた。のちに東北地方太平洋沖地震と呼ばれることになるこのマグニチュード9.0の揺れは、近代的な記録が残されるようになった1900年頃から起きた世界で5番目に大きな地震である。震源地から320 km も離れていない東京で6分間も揺れが続いた。ようやく揺れが収まったとき、本州は東へ8m移動していた。 地震による陸上の被害は甚大であった。それに加えて大津波が押し寄せたのだった。とてつもない海底からの突き上げにより一連の巨大な津波が生じ、その第一波は地震から30分以内に沿岸を襲った。 津波になすすべもなく 東京から約226km北で1971年から運転されていた東京電力福島第一原子力発電所では、この地震によってすでに停電していたものの、非常用バックアップシステムが適切に機能していた。そこを津波が襲った。発電所の防犯カメラによる映像が、まさにその一瞬をとらえている。原子炉の正面で、高さ約6mの防波堤に守られた浅い港湾内を漂う小船。その防波堤のすぐ後ろから巨大な波がうねり迫ってくる。 高さ約14mにも達した津波は、すべての安全措置を乗り越えた。原子力発電所施設は急速に浸水し、バックアップ用のディーゼル発電機は機能を停止した。この全電源喪失が壊滅的な悪循環を引き起こし、チェルノブイリ原発事故以来最悪の被害をもたらすことになる。 冷却システムを失った同原発で、6基の原子炉のうち3基が過熱し始めた。数日のうちにこれら3基では溶融した核燃料により生じた水素ガスが充満して大爆発が起こり、4号機の建屋にも被害が及んだ。この爆発による放射性降下物の予測変化に基づいて日本政府は避難指示区域を広げ、15万人以上が自宅から避難した。一方、完全なメルトダウンを阻止するための必死の努力のなかで、高圧放水砲、消防車、ヘリコプターから何千トンもの水が原子炉に注がれ、その汚染水の大半が、最終的に海へ流出した。 廃墟と化した一帯…
We use cookies to analyze site usage and improve user experience. By continuing on this site, you consent to their use. Read our Privacy Policy for more info and to amend settings. OK
Privacy & Cookies Policy
Privacy Overview
This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.
Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information.
Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website.
Simon Thorrold, Ocean Ecologist
Simon Thorrold is an ocean ecologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He uses techniques that span isotope geochemistry, next generation DNA sequencing, and satellite tagging to study the ecology of a wide variety of ocean species. He recently discovered that blue sharks use warm water ocean tunnels, or eddies, to dive to the ocean twilight zone, where they forage in nutrient-rich waters hundreds of meters down. Born in New Zealand, Simon received his B.S. from the University of Auckland, and Ph.D. from James Cook University, North Queensland, Australia. With much of his work in the South Pacific and Caribbean, Simon has been on many cruises, logging 1,000 hours of scuba diving and 800 hours in tropical environs. He has been a scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution since 2001.
Gregory Skomal, Shark Biologist
Dr. Gregory Skomal is an accomplished marine biologist, underwater explorer, photographer, and author. He has been a fisheries scientist with the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries since 1987 and currently heads up the Massachusetts Shark Research Program. He is also adjunct faculty at the University of Massachusetts School for Marine Science and Technology and an adjunct scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). He holds a master’s degree from the University of Rhode Island and a Ph.D. from Boston University. For more than 30 years, Greg has been actively involved in the study of life history, ecology, and physiology of sharks. His shark research has spanned the globe from the frigid waters of the Arctic Circle to coral reefs in the tropical Central Pacific. Much of his current research centers on the use of acoustic telemetry and satellite-based tagging technology to study the ecology and behavior of sharks. Greg has been an avid SCUBA diver and underwater photographer since 1978. He has written dozens of scientific research papers and has appeared in a number of film and television documentaries, including programs for National Geographic, Discovery Channel, BBC, and numerous television networks. His most recent book, The Shark Handbook, is a must buy for all shark enthusiasts. He is a Boston Sea Rover and a member of The Explorers Club; his home and laboratory are on the south coast of Massachusetts.
Robert Ballard, Ocean Explorer
Robert Ballard, Ocean Explorer
Robert D. Ballard is Founder and President of the Ocean Exploration Trust; Director of the Center for Ocean Exploration and Professor of Oceanography at the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography. He is an Explorer-At-Large at the National Geographic Society, Commissioner for the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy, and a Research Scholar at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He served in the U.S. Navy for more than 30 years and continues to work with the Office of Naval Research. A pioneer in the development of deep-sea submersibles and remotely operated vehicle systems, he has taken part in more than 155 deep-sea expeditions. In 1985, he discovered the RMS Titanic, and has succeeded in tracking down numerous other significant shipwrecks, including the German battleship Bismarck, the lost fleet of Guadalcanal, the U.S. aircraft carrier Yorktown, and John F. Kennedy’s boat, PT-109. He has also discovered hydrothermal vents and “black smokers” in the Galapagos Rift and East Pacific Rise in 1977 and 1979. The author of numerous books, scientific papers, and articles, he has been featured in several National Geographic television programs, including “Secrets of the Titanic” a five-part mini-series, “Alien Deep with Bob Ballard.” and, in 2019, “Expedition Amelia.” He was a special advisor to Steve Spielberg on the futuristic television show seaQuest DSV. His honors include 22 Honorary Doctorates, National Geographic’s highest award, the Hubbard Medal, and a National Endowment for the Humanities Medal. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2014.
Timothy Shank, Deep-Sea Biologist
Tim Shank, Deep-Sea Biologist
Timothy Shank is a deep-sea biologist, Associate Scientist in the Biology Department, and former Director of the Ocean Exploration Institute at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He is known for his research on the ecology and evolution of fauna in deep-ocean hydrothermal, seamount, canyon and deep trench systems. He has conducted more than 60 scientific expeditions in the Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Tim has completed more than 50 dives in the human operated submersible Alvin, and more than 100 dives with autonomous underwater and remotely-operated vehicles, including the first use of a hybrid ROV (Nereus) in the ocean’s deepest trenches. He is the author of the award-winning, best-selling book “Discovering the Deep.”
Sunita Williams, NASA Astronaut
NASA Astronaut Sunita L. Williams
Sunita L. Williams (Suni) was selected as an astronaut by NASA in 1998 and is a veteran of two space missions Expeditions 14/15 and 32/33. She is currently training for the first post-certification mission of Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft – the second crewed flight for that vehicle – and her third long duration mission aboard the International Space Station. Williams and her crewmates are working closely with Boeing to develop their new spacecraft systems, which will provide roundtrip crew transportation services to the International Space Station and, along with SpaceX’s CrewDragon, return the ability to launch humans into space from United States soil.
Kirstin Meyer-Kaiser, WHOI Biologist
Kirstin Meyer-Kaiser, WHOI Biologist
Kirstin Meyer-Kaiser is an Assistant Scientist in the Biology Department at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Her research explores how the larvae of seafloor invertebrates such as anemones and sea stars disperse to isolated, island-like habitats, how larvae settle and colonize new sites, and how their communities change over time. Kirstin is currently Principal Investigator for an interdisciplinary project on shipwrecks in Stellwagen National Marine Sanctuary, including the steamship Portland, often termed “New England’s Titanic.” This project uses cutting-edge technology to construct 3D photogrammetric models of the Portland and other wrecks for archaeological and biological research and resource management. Kirstin also has ongoing projects in the Arctic and on coral reefs in Palau. Her work frequently takes her underwater using remotely operated vehicles and SCUBA and carries her to the far corners of the world.