The next frontier in understanding the coupled ocean–wave–atmosphere system requires detailed investigations of turbulence and wave dynamics within tropical cyclones, using a combination of observational and modeling approaches. To address this need, a new research initiative — the Study on Air–Sea Coupling with Waves, Turbulence, and Clouds at High Winds (SASCWATCH) — was launched this year with funding from the Office of Naval Research. The goal of SASCWATCH is to advance understanding of air–sea–wave interactions under extreme wind conditions through coordinated in situ observations, mesoscale coupled modeling, and high-resolution turbulence simulations. The observational program centers on co-located measurements of ocean, wave, and atmospheric turbulence properties using an integrated system of ocean drifters with wave measurement capabilities, profiling floats equipped with ocean currents and waves, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) for direct flux measurements in the boundary layer.  In 2025 ahead of Hurricane Erin, a major hurricane in the western Atlantic, we deployed a large (200 km × 200 km) array of wave drifters, profiling floats, and AXBTs in its path. Erin generated an exceptionally large wave field, with observed significant wave heights exceeding 10 meters and an extensive cold wake.

Video credit: US Air Force

For more information, visit Air-Deployed Profiling Instruments Group and SASCWATCH: Study on Air-Sea Coupling with WAves, Turbulence, and Clouds at High winds