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How is beach sand created?

beach

Beaches can be white, black, green, red and even pink. What creates those different colors? Why is some sand soft and fine, but other types feel rough? Where does beach sand come from, anyway?

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What causes ocean waves?

A trip to the ocean means sun, wind, and waves. Surfers ride them. Children play in them. Swimmers dive beneath them. But what causes waves?

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Does the ocean produce oxygen?

It’s easy to think of the world’s forests as the planet’s “lungs.” Trees pump out oxygen—the same stuff we breathe in. But does all our breathable air come from just land?

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Why is the ocean blue?

One idea is that it reflects the sky. But if we sink below the surface, the blue color remains. Here, the water isn’t reflecting the sky. So why is the ocean blue?

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Why are corals so colorful?

coral

One of the most striking things about coral is its bright coloring. But many are a dull green or brown. So, what gives some corals their bright hues?

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Creature Feature: Lanternfishes

Lanternfish

Learn about the lanternfish—which represents more than 60% of all the fish in the deep ocean—and discover how it caused a mystery that perplexed scientists for decades.

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Creature Feature: Strawberry Squid

With glowing red skin and mismatched eyes, the strawberry squid is built for stealth and survival—scanning twilight waters above and below for its next meal.

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Creature Feature: Anglerfish

If you’re being hunted by the female anglerfish, the last thing you’ll ever see is a flashing blue-green light dangling from its forehead.

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Creature Feature: Salp

A salp is a gelatinous zooplankton that, unlike jellyfish, has complex nervous, circulatory and digestive systems, complete with a brain, heart, and intestines.

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Creature Feature: Swordfish

A swordfish swims near the ocean’s surface off the coast of Miami, Florida. Researchers from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the University of Washington tagged a group of five swords there to track their movements in and out of the ocean twilight zone, a dimly-lit layer of the ocean between 200 and 1000 meters deep (656 to 3,280 feet). (Photo by Steve Dougherty Photography).

With built-in heaters for its eyes and brain, the swordfish hunts swiftly in the cold, dark twilight zone—slashing prey with its sword-like bill in deep-sea ambushes.

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Creature Feature: Krill

krill

Krill may be tiny, but their presence in the ocean is mighty. They exist in huge numbers worldwide, provide an essential link in the marine food chain, and even help regulate global climate.

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Creature Feature: Bristlemouth

Bristlemouth-Cyclothone

Bristlemouths are small fish that live in the twilight zone. Most bristlemouths are less than 2 inches in length and they are one of the most abundant animals on the planet.

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