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Fast-Spreading Mid-Ocean Ridge

fast spreading ridges

Faster spreading ridges like the northern and southern East Pacific Rise are “hotter,” meaning more magma is present beneath the ridge axis and more volcanic eruptions occur. Because the plate…

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Slow-Spreading Mid-Ocean Ridge

slow spreading ridges

Slow spreading ridges like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge generally have large, wide rift valleys, sometimes as big as 10-20 km wide and very rugged terrain at the ridge crest that can…

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Plates Separate

The Mid-Ocean Ridge and rift valleys, such as the one that runs through eastern Africa, occur along boundaries where plates are spreading apart. New oceanic crust is created as the…

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Nereid Under Ice explores Aurora hydrothermal vent field

nereid under ice vehicle

The newly upgraded Nereid Under Ice, a hybrid remotely operated vehicle, is deployed from the Norwegian Icebreaker KronPrins Haakon to conduct its first deep ocean dives to 4,000 meters (over 13,000 feet) along the Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean.

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Probing the Seafloor with Sound

Probing the Seafloor with Sound

To probe the seafloor, scientists send sound waves down through the ocean and seafloor and record reflected echoes with ocean bottom seismographs and hydrophones trailing behind a ship. The time…

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Fine Fellow

Fine Fellow

Former WHOI Summer Student Fellow and current MIT-WHOI Joint Program graduate student Benjamin Urann (left) and his mentor, WHOI geologist Henry Dick, examine slabs cut from rocks collected during a…

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Class In Session

Class In Session

WHOI engineer Marshall Swartz (right) instructs Louis Clement, a post-doctoral scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, on the technical intricacies of a CTD rosette equipped with a lowered acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP). The two were…

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Seafloor Snowblower

Seafloor Snowblower

Scientists diving in the submersible Alvin in 1991 found themselves in something that looked like a snowstorm on the bottom of the sea. They had arrived soon after a seafloor…

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Seafloor Samples

Seafloor Samples

Summer Student Fellow Benjamin Urann (left) and his mentor, geologist Henry Dick, examine slabs cut from igneous rocks collected during a cruise to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge aboard research vessel Knorr.…

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Deep-sea Diver

Deep-sea Diver

Throughout June 2013, a team of oceanographers and astrobiologists led by WHOI scientist Chris German will explore one of the deepest mid-ocean ridges, the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center beneath the Caribbean…

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Deep-sea Detectives

Deep-sea Detectives

In 2010, WHOI scientists Adam Soule and Dan Lizarralde searched for evidence that magma from  below the seafloor had penetrated up into the sediments of the Guaymas Basin in the…

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Student Driver

Student Driver

Chris Morgan, chief engineer on the research vessel Atlantis, manipulated the remotely operated vehicle Jason at the bottom of the western Caribbean Sea recently while being  guided by members of the…

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Designing for the deep

Designing for the deep

The Deep Submergence Laboratory’s mission is to further human understanding of the deep-sea floor by developing systems for remote, unmanned exploration.  Here MIT/WHOI Joint Program Student Jordan Stanway tests propellers…

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Ahoy, Alvin!

Ahoy, Alvin!

WHOI able-bodied seaman Raul Martinez and SSSG technician Allison Heater prepare the human-occupied vehicle Alvin for a dive in March 2014. They communicate with the sub’s pilot through a sound-powered…

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Seafloor Jigsaw Puzzle

Seafloor Jigsaw Puzzle

In 1974, Project FAMOUS (French-American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study) would take humans to explore the seafloor for the first time, using the human-occupied submersible Alvin. To reconnoiter the target area on a mid-ocean…

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Seafloor Warp and Woof

Seafloor Warp and Woof

An autonomous underwater vehicle called ABE—for Autonomous Benthic Explorer—systematically “flew” over the seafloor on the volcanic Mid-Atlantic Ridge, midway between Africa and South America, photographing the ocean bottom. Some 3,000…

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Rock Grab

Rock Grab

A pilot inside the submersible Alvin uses one of the vehicle’s manipulator arms to pick up some unusual geological samples: popping rocks. WHOI scientists collected them in 2016, on this…

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Deep Science

Deep Science

WHOI geologist Adam Soule looks out of the pilot’s porthole on the human-occupied submersible Alvin during a dive near the mid-Atlantic Ridge in 2016. Soule, who is also the chief scientist for…

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Welcome to Atlantis Bank

Welcome to Atlantis Bank

Atlantis Bank formed on the seafloor as the Southwest Indian mid-ocean ridge spread apart along a tectonic fault (top). The lower-crust gabbro rock that formed Atlantis Bank was slowly pushed…

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Gobbling Deep-sea Robot

Gobbling Deep-sea Robot

Even while conducting research out in the Pacific Ocean, far from family and friends, it’s still Thanksgiving for U.S. scientists and crew members, and they always look for ways to…

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One Beach, Two Continents

One Beach, Two Continents

WHOI offers students a unique Geodynamics Program that fosters interdisciplinary research among faculty, Joint Program students and postdoctoral fellows. Each year a different theme is the focus of a seminar…

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Weighting for Alvin

Weighting for Alvin

Alvin can’t carry enough batteries to power its way to the seafloor. Instead, dive preparations include attaching stacks of iron plates to the outside of the sub so it can…

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