Left panel: Phytoplankton at the sea surface use nutrients from runoff and sunlight in photosynthesis to produce organic matter and oxygen.
Right panel: In the past, increased nutrients and warmer temperatures revved up this process, leading to large oxygen-depleted zones and mass extinctions of marine life. Unfortunately, todays ocean is exhibiting similar symptoms. (Illustration by Natalie Renier, © Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)
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