Fall 2021: Tropical Climate Change: Past, Present, Future

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Course Overview

This class aims to provide a perspective on how paleoceanographic reconstructions, often paired with model simulations, can supplement the short instrumental record of ongoing tropical climate change. Students should gain fundamental background knowledge as well as an understanding of topical issues.

September 9, 2:30-4:00 pm, Clark 331 (WHOI) & 54-823 (MIT)

Tierney J., Abram N., Anchukaitis K., Evans M., Giry C., Kilbourne H., Saenger C., Wu H., and Zinke J., Tropical sea surface temperatures for the past four centuries reconstructed from coral archives, Paleoceanography, 30, 226-252, 2015 pdf

Wang C., Deser C., Yu J.-Y., DiNezio P., and Clement A., El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): A review.  In Coral Reefs of the Eastern Pacific, P. Glymn, D. Manzello, and I. Enochs, Eds., Springer Science Publisher, 85-106, 2016 pdf

September 16, 2:30-4:00 pm, Clark 331 (WHOI) & 54-823 (MIT)

Haug G., Hughen K., Sigman D., Peterson L., and Rohl U., Southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone through the Holocene, Science, 293, 1304-1308, 2001 pdf

September 23, 2:30-4:00 pm, Clark 331 (WHOI) & 54-823 (MIT)

Required reading:

Wang X., Edwards L., Auler A., Cheng H., Kong X., Wang Y., Cruz F., Dorale J., and Chiang H.-W., Hydroclimate changes across the Amazon lowlands over the past 45,000 years, Nature, 541, 204-207, 2017 pdf

Suggested reading:

Schneider T., Bischoff T., and Haug G., Migrations and dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone, Nature, 513, doi: 10.1038/nature13636, 2014 pdf

September 30, 2:30-4:00 pm, Clark 331 (WHOI) & 54-823 (MIT)

Yan H., Wei W., Soon W., An Z., Zhou W., Liu Z., Wang Y., and Carter R., Dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone over the western Pacific during the Little Ice Age, Nature Geoscience, 8, doi: 10.1038/NGEO2375, 2017 pdf supplementary material

October 7, 2:30-4:00 pm, Clark 331 (WHOI) & 54-823 (MIT)

Required reading:

Cobb K., Westphal N., Sayani H., Watson J., Di Lirenzo E., Cheng H., Edwards L., and Charles C., Highly variable El Nino - Southern Oscillatioon throughout the Holocene, Science, 339, 67-70, 2013 pdf supplement

Tudhope A., Chilcott C., McCulloch M., Cook E., Chapell J., Ellam R., Lea D., Lough J., and Shimmield G., Variability in the El Nino - Southern Oscillation through a glacial-interglacial cycle, Science, 291, 1511-1517, 2001 pdf supplement

Suggested reading:

McPhaden M., Zebiak S., and Glantz M., ENSO as an integrating concept in Earth science, Science, 314, 1740-1745, 2006 pdf

October 14, 2:30-4:00 pm, Clark 331 (WHOI) & 54-823 (MIT)

Moy C., Seltzer G., Rodbell D., and Anderson D., Variability of El Nino/Southern Oscillation activity at millemmial timescales during the Holocene epoch, Nature, 420, 162-165, 2002 pdf

Conroy J., Overpeck J., Cole J., Shanahan T., and Steinitz-Kannan M., Holocene changes in eastern tropical climte inferred from a Galapagos lke sediment record, Quaternary Science Reviews, 27, 1166-1180, 2008 pdf

October 21, 2:30-4:00 pm, Clark 331 (WHOI) & 54-823 (MIT)

Required reading:

Clement A., Seager R., and Cane M., Orbital controls on the El Nino/Southern Oscillation and the tropical climate, Paleoceanography, 14, 441-456, 1999 pdf

Recommended Reading:

Clement A., Seager R., and Cane M., Suppression of El Nino during the Holocene by changes in the Earth's orbit, Paleoceanography, 15, 731-737, 2000 pdf

Zebiak S. and Cane M., A model of El Nino - Southern Oscillation, Monthly Weather Reviews, 1115, 2262-2278, 1987 pdf

October 28, 2:30-4:00 pm, Clark 331 (WHOI) & 54-823 (MIT)

Required Reading

Loulergue, L., Schilt, A., Spahni, R. et al. Orbital and millennial-scale features of atmospheric CH₄ over the past 800,000 years. Nature, 453, 383–386, 2008 pdf Supp. Info. pdf

Recommended Reading

Cane M., A role for the tropical Pacific, Science, 282, 59-61, 1998 pdf

November 4, 2:30-4:00 pm, Clark 331 (WHOI) & 54-823 (MIT)

Required reading:

Wurtzel, J. B., N. J Abram, S. C Lewis, P. Bajo, J. C Hellstrom, U. Troitzsch, and D. Heslop, Tropical Indo-PAcific hydroclimate response to North Atlantic forcing during the last deglaciation as recorded by a spleothem from Sumatra, Indonesia, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 492, 264-278, 2018 pdf

Recommended reading:

Lachniet, M. S., Climatic and environmental controls on speleothem oxygen-isotope values, Quaternary Science Review, 28, 412–432, 2009 pdf

November 18, 2:30-4:00 pm, Clark 331 (WHOI) & 54-823 (MIT)

Newsom E., Thompson A., Adkins J., and Galbraith E., A hemispheric asymmetry in poleward ocean heat transport across climates: Implications for overturning and polwar warming, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 568, 117033, 2021 pdf

December 2, 2:30-4:00 pm, Clark 331 (WHOI) & 54-823 (MIT)

Atwood, A. R., Battisti, D. S., Wu, E., Frierson, D. M. W., & Sachs, J. P., Data-model comparisons of
tropical hydroclimate changes over the Common Era, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 36, e2020PA003934, 2021 pdf supplementary material

December 9, 2:30-4:00 pm, Clark 331 (WHOI) & 54-823 (MIT)

Cheng H., Sinha A., Wang X., Cruz F., and Edwards L., The Global Paleomonsoon as seen through speleothem records from Asia and the Americas, Climate Dynamics, 39, 1045-1062, 2021 pdf