Section across a fracture zone canyon in the abyssal Brazil Basin showing turbulent dissipation levels (in color) from measurements. The shaded topography follows the deepest bathymetry of the fracture zone, while the upper contour shows the shallowest level of ridge topography. An inverse estimate of the circulation streamlines (dashed contours) is shown relative to the density field (white contours). Turbulent mixing in the canyon drives upwelling toward the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis (St. Laurent, Schmitt and Toole 2001 ).

The densest waters found in the ocean interior are formed at several high-latitude sites where atmospheric forcing causes surface water temperature and salinity conditions to match those of the deepest waters. These waters spill into the abyss and are carried equatorward by a system of deep boundary currents. Being far removed from the wind driven Ekman layer, processes such as tides and buoyancy forcing by turbulent mixing often contribute significantly to the flow dynamics. Flow interaction with topography, such as ridges and seamounts, is also an important factor in abyssal circulation physics.

Reviewed Publications

St. Laurent, L. C., and A. M. Thurnherr, 2007. Overflow mixing of lower thermocline water on the crest of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. submitted.

Thurnherr, A. M., L. St. Laurent, K. G. Speer, J. M. Toole, and J. R. Ledwell, 2005. Mixing associated with sills in a canyon on the Mid-Ocean Ridge Flank. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 35, 1370-1381.

St. Laurent, L., J. M. Toole, and R. W. Schmitt, 2001. Buoyancy forcing by turbulence above rough topography in the abyssal Brazil Basin. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 31, 347-3495.

Morris, M., M. Hall, L. St. Laurent, and N. Hogg, 2001. Abyssal Mixing in the Deep Brazil Basin. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 31, 3331-3348.

Ledwell, J. R., E. T. Montgomery, K. L. Polzin, L. St. Laurent, R. W. Schmitt, and J. M. Toole, 2000. Evidence for Enhanced Mixing Over Rough Topography in the Abyssal Ocean. Nature, 403, 179-182.

Additional Publications

Jayne, S. R., L. C. St. Laurent, and S. T. Gille, 2004. Connections between ocean bottom topography and Earth's climate. Oceanography, 17, 65--74.

St. Laurent, L., J. M. Toole, and R. W. Schmitt, 2001. Mixing and Diapycnal Advection in the Ocean. In Proceedings of the 'Aha Huliko'a Hawaiian Winter Workshop, 175--185.

Toole, J. M., J. R. Ledwell, K. L. Polzin, R. W. Schmitt, E. M. Montgomery, L. St. Laurent, and W. B. Owens, 1997. The Brazil Basin Tracer Release Experiment. International WOCE Newsletter, 28, 25--28.

St. Laurent, L., 1999. Diapycnal advection by double diffusion and turbulence in the ocean. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography, 139 pp.