5 g @@@ @@@@b6&}bibx J EN DB  %5A    &P X mH '  { \ /+ Iw` C'hY < ; >    g FtGaLg 7|  p5 qv b8 Beland19969* Burn1993}J Fisk2002rh, Green19978 Hong19909w. Klamer19981C* Lewis1997x% Mead19939% Nielsen20006) Politi2003ox3 Said200007Tarleboe1985Tj S Tarleb1986, Tarpley1993 Tarpley1997 Tarpley1997 Tarpley1997 Tatsukawa1982 Tatsukawa1983 Tatsukawa19861 Tatsukawa19872 Tatsukawa1987W Tatsukawa1987; Tatsukawa1988 Tatsukawa1988 Tatsukawa1988X Tatsukawa1989] Tatsukawa1989 Tatsukawa1990d Tatsukawa1993 Tatsukawa1993' Tatsukawa1994n Tatsukawa1994 Tatsukawa1995 Tatsukawa1995 Tatsukawa1996 Tatsukawa1996 Tatsukawa1997p Tatsukawa1999 Tatsukawa2001o Tatsukawa2002 Taucher1990n Tautz1993 Taylor19988 Tefft1989Ten Hallers-Tjabbes2002 Teramitsu2000 Tessaro1999$ Testa1994 Testa1995 Testa1996 Thayer19988> Thomas19929E Thomas2000 Thomas20030 Thommes1995Thompson1997BThompson2000Thompson2003 Tietge20020 Tilbury1999 Tilbury1999 Tilbury2001 Tilbury2002 Tilley2003o Tillitt1994r Tillitt1995s Tillitt1995y Tillitt1996 Timmerman1994B Timmerman1994 Timmerman1995 Timmerman1995 Timmerman1996~ Timmerman1996 Timmerman1996w Timperi1989s Tingle2003Tirpenou1998 Tittlemier2002t Tittlemier2002 Titus1997 Tjoen-A-Choy2002 Tollit19979@Tolliver1348 Tomy1615q Torok1995 Torok1997 Touart19989 Towell19999 Trainer1818 Trainer1999 Trainer2000 Trebacz1998VTremblay19866Tremblay19866@Tremblay19866Tremblay19999l Trites1992` Troisi1998 Troisi2001{ Troisi20022} Trosko2002Trottier2000Tschirret-Guth2003Tsigouri1998 Tufft2003:Tuomisto20011:Tuomisto20011: Tuukkanen2001 Tynan2000} Upham2002c Upshall1991 Urano1995C Urian1423= Uthe1984$ Vahter19959 van Amerongen1997A van Bavel1999van Binnendijk19969 Van Dam1988 van de Bildt1992Tl van den Berg19929m van den Berg19949 van den Brink2000` van der Meer1996 van der Meer1997 van der Vliet1996 van der Vliet1997lvan der Weiden1992mvan der Weiden1994 Van Dolah2000  Van Hezik1997B Van Loveren1994 van Loveren1995  Van Loveren1996 Van Loveren1996F Van Loveren1996 Van Loveren1996 van Loveren1997 Van Loveren2000 van Schanke1998 Van Schanke1998 Van Vleet1996p Vandermeer1994 Vandermeer1997o Vandervoort1994 Vanhattum1998 Vanloveren1995 Vanstraalen1998/Varanasi19930Varanasi1993# Vedder1994 Vedder19949B Vedder1994o Verbrugge1994r Verbrugge1995s Verbrugge1995 Verbrugge1998Y Vernier2002 Vetter1990 Vetter19949 Vetter2001 Vetter2001K Vetter2001L Vetter2001W Vetter2001X Vetter2001 Vetter2002U Vetter2002 Vetter2003S Vetter2003T Vetter2003 Via1993 Via1995 Via1995U Viale2000 Viale2002: Viluksela2001D Vinther1998 Visser1992 Visser19949 Voit20022vom Saal1998 Vongraven1996 Vos1994B Vos1994 Vos1995 Vos1995 Vos1995 Vos1995 Vos1995 Vos1995 Vos1996 Vos1996F Vos1996~ Vos1996 Vos1996 Vos1996 Vos1996 Vos1997 Vos2000 Vos2000Voutsinou-Taliadouri19959 Wade19961 Wade1997 Wade1997Wagemann1517:Wagemann1984<Wagemann1988Wagemann1988\Wagemann1988>Wagemann19928!Wagemann1994Wagemann1995Wagemann1997Wagemann1998Wagemann1999 Wagner199912Wakimoto1987WWakimoto1987 Waldick19994 Walker19899 Walker1989 Walton199664 Wang19898# Wang1996 Wang2001= Wartanien1992SWatanabe1566;Watanabe1988XWatanabe1989pWatanabe19909YWatanabe1999Watanabe1999Watanabe1999RWatanabe2000VWatanabe2000Watanabe2000iWatanabe2001Watanabe20020oWatanabe2002 Watkins1996 Watson1999 Weaver19989T Weichbrodt2003$ Weihe1995" Weihe1996Weisbrod19988Weisbrod2000Weisbrod2000)Weisbrod2000'Weisbrod2001 Wekell18188 Welch1995C Wells1423 Wells1992 Wells1993 Wells1995 Wells1995 Wells1997 Wells1997e Wells1999 Wells2002Welshons19989_ Wensvoort1987 Wester19981 Wester19981 Wester19988Westmore1615Westmore19980 Whale1988] Whalen20032 Whaley199999 Whaley20010 Whetstine2000- White1992C White1994i White1994t White1994u White1994- White1994" White1996 White1999w White2000 White20003 Whitehead1981Widegren1992Widegren1993Widegren1993 Wiig1998  Wiig19989 Willemsen1997m Willes1993Willhaus1992Williams20000C Wilson1423 Wilson19999B Wilson2000 Wilson2000 Wilson2003Wingfors19999AWingfors19999<Wingfors19999H Wise19929* Wise1993+ Wise19939, Wise1993- Wise19939y Wise19939 Wise19939 Wise19959 Wise19951 Wise19969 Wise19969 Wise19969 Wise20000z Wise20030 Wolf19977# Wolke1996N Wong14191C Wood14233 Wood1996 Wood19989 Woodhouse1991H Woodin19881R Woodin19881 Woodin19891. Woodley1991Woodruff1818 Woods1995 Worthy19999 Woshner2000 Woshner2001 Wright19969 Wu2002k Xiao1993 Xiong2000Yamamoto20000X Yamashita1989n Yamashita1994 Ylitalo1024 Ylitalo1999 Ylitalo2001 Ylitalo2001L Yogui2003Yoneyama1989 York20020 Young1997 Young1998 Yueh2000 Zaidel19979y Zajicek1996Zambonin1995 Zanardelli1501e Zanardelli1992F Zanardelli2000 Zanardelli2001 Zarzur1999 Zeeman19989 Zegers2002-8Zeinstra19898H Zeisler1992* Zeisler1993, Zeisler1993y Zeisler1993q Zenteno-Savin1998 Zhou2001Ziccardi2002 Zinck1984 Zizzo1999 Zook19922 Zorn2000 Zylka1998000 Zylka19980 Zylka1998 Zylka1998000 Zylka19980 Zylka19980 Zylka19980 Zylka19980 Zylka19980 Zylka19982000 Zylka19982000 Zylka1998000 Zylka1998000 Zylka1998000 Zylka1998000 Zylka1998 Zylka19982000 Zylka19980 Zylka1998000 Zylka1998000 Zylka1998000 Zylka1998000 Zylka1998000 Zylka19982000 Zylka1998 Zylka1998 Zylka19980 Zylka19980 Zylka19982000 Zylka1998000 Zylka1998 Zylka19980 Zylka1998000 Zylka1998 Zhou2001̈ Zizzo1999 Zorn20002000rn2000FO/#3ZJd/E H'nSP@^vy-\L!O% .>(."*LPpt)]f=4c+N[si'W*$31:;2IVQ8Th>0<6M(, D{7=k`-w m7:Be5_~CF 9 Rar2g?K Authors!Journals ;Keywords &                                zLAbuodha, J. O. Z. Acosta, B. Adams, M. Adams, N. G. Addison, R Addison, R.Addison, R. F.xtAddison, R. F. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V6N-40CJYDY-6/1/f925323e4bb240e7ad72ec60d5bd2d5a Addison, R.F. Addison, RFAdegoke, J. A. Aguilar, A. Akahori, F. Albert, T. F. Alexis, M.N. Ali, I. B. Aliani, S.Allchin, C. R. Allchin, C.R. Althoff, G. Altman, N. H.Alvarez-Castaneda, S. T. Amano, M.Amemiya, C. T. Amiard, J. C.Amiard-Triquet, C. Amiel, S. Amos, B.p Ancora, S. Andersen, A. Andersen, G.Anderson, D. M.Anderson, D.G.Anderson, D.M.Anderson, H. F.Anderson, S. S. Andersson, O Andersson, T Andersson, T. Andre, J. M. Ankley, G. T.Anon Aono, S. Armstrong, D Arnason, U. Arnold, H. Arthur, R.Asahina, A. Y. Asano, Y. Asplund, L.Athanasiadou, M.Athanassiadis, I. Athwal, R. Atkinson, S.Aubin, D.J. St. Augier, H.Aulerich, R. J.Aulerich, R.J. Ayotte, P. Baba, N. Babin, P. Bachand, A. Backlin, B.M. Bacon, C. E. Baden, D. G. Baetcke, K.P. Baird, R. W. Baker, C. S. Baker, J. R. Baker, J.R. Baker, O.E.Balasubramanian, R.Ballachey, B. E.Ballschmiter, K.Bandiera, S. M.Bandiera, S.M. Bang, K.Bannister, J. L. Barber, D.Barclay, J. S. Bargu, S. Barrett, T.Barrett-Lennard, L. G. Barron, M. G. Barth, H.Barthel, K. G.Bastida, R. O. Bavel, B.V. Bavel, Bv Bearzi, G.Beasley, V. R. Beaudet, M. Becerra, J. Becerra, M Beck, G. G. Beck, G.C. Beck, K. M. Becker, P. R. Beckmen, K.Beckmen, K. B. Beecher, T. Beland, P Beland, P.Belikov, S. E. Bellaiche, M. Benke, H.Bennett, M. E.Bennett, P. M. Benson, S. Bergek, S Berggren, P. Bergman, A. Bergman, AaBergqvist, P-ABergqvist, P. A. Bernier, J. Bernt, K. E. Berrow, S. D.Berzofsky, J. A. Best, D.A. Best, P B Best, P. Best, P. B. Betti, C. Beyer, J.Bland, PierreBickham, J. W.Bidleman, T. F. Bill, B. D.Binkley, K. C.Birmingham, B. Birnbaum, L.Birnbaum, L. S. Bisaillon, A.Bjerregaard, P. Bjoerge, A. Blake, J. E. Blake, S. J.Blankenship, A. L.Bleavins, M. R. Bleumink, R. Blix, A. S.Blixenkrone-Moller, M. Bloch, D.Blokhin, S. A. Boehm, J. R.Bohle-Carbonell, M.Bohonowych, J. E. Boila, G. Boisclair, J. Bolton, J. L. Bonde, R. K. Boon, J.p Boon, J. P. Boon, J.P.Boorman, C. J.Boothman, W.S. Bordes, M. Born, E. W. Borrel, A. Borrell, A. Bosma, C.Bossart, G. D. Bossicart, M.Bosveld, Albertus T.C. Boudou, A.Bouquegneau, J. M. Bourrat, F. Bowen, W. D.Bowerman, W.W. Bowyer, R. T. Boyce, W. M. Boyd, D.Bratton, G. R. Brault, S. Braune, B. Breau, L.Breslin, W. J. Brewer, L.W. Bright, D.Brinkman, U. A.Brinkman, U.A.T. Brito, J. Brizzi, M. Brochu, C. Brock, J. Brodie, P. F. Brodie, P.F. Brodie, PF Brody, A. J.Broeders, H. W.Broekhuizen, S.Broekhuizen, Sim Brooks, J. M. Brotea, G. Brousseau, P. Brouwer, A. Brown, D. W. Brown, G. Brown, M W Brown, M. W. Brown, M.W Brown, M.W. Brownell, R Brownell, R LBrownell, R. L.Brownell, R. L., Jr. Bruland, K. Bruneau, S.Brunnick, B. J. Brunstrom, B. Bryden, M. M.Buchanan, D. L.Buckland, S. J. Buehler, B.Buergelt, C. D. Burighel, P. Burn, D. M. Burns, J. J. Burow, M.Burrows, D. G. Burse, V. W.Bursian, S. J. Bursian, S.J. Busbee, D.  6*K <"4#wB?0!Dt/e=F jD$ environment (see also Sea water)Environment management Environmentalenvironmental conditionsEnvironmental effectsEnvironmental Exposure,'Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects,'Environmental Exposure: adverse effectsenvironmental factorsEnvironmental healthEnvironmental impact Environmental Microbiologyeneenvironmental monitoring$!Environmental Monitoring/*methods$ Environmental Monitoring/methodsEnvironmental Monitoring:$!Environmental Monitoring: methods,)Environmental Pollutants/*adverse effects("Environmental Pollutants/*analysis $Environmental Pollutants/*blood0+Environmental Pollutants/*blood/*metabolism0*Environmental Pollutants/*pharmacokinetics,&Environmental Pollutants/*pharmacology("Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity @:Environmental Pollutants/administration & dosage/*toxicity80+Environmental Pollutants/analysis/*toxicityEnvironmental Pollutants:("Environmental Pollutants: analysis0*Environmental Pollutants: pharmacokineticsEnvironmental Pollution$!Environmental Pollution: analysisEnvironmental protectionenvironmental qualityenvironmental studies environments enzymaticEnzymatic activity EnzymeEnzyme InductionEnzyme System: metabolism$!Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Enzymes enzymology epidemiology EpidermisEpidermis/*ultrastructure Epithelia$Epithelial Cells: drug effects epizootics ErignathusErignathus barbatus EruptionsErythrocytes: chemistry EschrichtiusEschrichtius robustus Eskimos EstimatingEstradiol/*bloodEstradiol/bloodisEstradiol/pharmacologymicEstrogens/pharmacologytioEstrus/physiology EstuariesEstuarine dynamics Estuary ethers ethnic groupsEubalaena glacialis EumetopiasEumetopias jubatusEuphausia superba Euphausiacea Europenme Europe,Europe, Biscay BayEurope/epidemiologyP8European plaice EvaluationEvaluation StudiesP8 EvolutionEvolution, Molecularg Excretionexcretory products exhalation Experimental Exposureexposure modelExposure: analysis Exxon ValdezF factors faeces Faeroe I. Faeroe Is. falloutFarallones Gulf Faroe I. Faroe Is. fastingFasting/*metabolismboFasting/*physiologyosfatFate Fate ofFate of Pollutantsfate of pollutionFatsFattyFatty Acids: analysis$Fatty Liver/chemically inducedducPKFATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; BLUBBER; FISHfaunaFecesFeces/analysis/*tFeces: chemistry FeedingFeeding behaviorFeeding behaviourFeeding migrations Female FemalesFerrets/*metabolismisFerrets/*physiologygyFertility/*drug effects0$Fetal Development/*drug effectsnd$Fetus/*anatomy & histologyy/*Fetus/*radiographyathFetus/drug effectsima fetuses Fibroblasts Fin whale Finback whaleFingerprintingFinless porpoiseFire retardantsFishFish (Cod family)Fish Diseases/etiology Fish eggs Fish kill Fish larvaeFish Oils/*toxicityecFish PopulationsFish Products/*analysis/iFish Products/analysistss$ Fish Products/analysis/*toxicity fisheriesFishery products FishesFishes/*metabolismysiFishes/*virologyI(%Fishes/growth & development/*geneticsFishes/metabolismFishes/microbiologyuiFishes: metabolism fishing Fishing gear Fishing netsflame retardants83Flame Retardants/*adverse effects/analysis/toxicity0 flavescens Floating Florida Flotsam flounderFlounder: geneticsFlounder: metabolism Flow Cytometry/*veterinary\ Fluctuating83Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary00*Fluoride Poisoning/epidemiology/veterinary5e organismsTrace elementsPolychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated fish induces vitamin A and thyroid hormone deficiency in the common seal (Phoca vitulina )4-Brouwer, A. Reijnders, P. J. H. Koeman, J. H.rAquatic ToxicologyAquat. Toxicol.i151f 99-106& In this study the effect of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated fish on plasma retinol (vitamin A) and thyroid hormone concentrations, i.e. sensitive indicators of PCB-intoxication, were investigated in the common seal Phoca vitulina . Seals fed fish from the Wadden Sea (high-level PCB contamination) had significantly lower concentrations of plasma retinol, total (TT4) and free thyroxin (FT4) and triiodothyronin (TT3) as compared to seals fed fish from the north-east Atlantic (low-level PCB contamination). The PCB-induced reduction in plasma retinol levels disappeared when seals on a Wadden Sea fish diet were subsequently fed Atlantic Ocean fish. It is suggested that reduced plasma retinol and thyroid hormone levels, which may result in an increased susceptibility to microbial infections, reproductive disorders and other pathological alterations, are critically involved in the recently reported reproductive disorders and the lethal viral infections in seals and other marine mammal populations in the Baltic, North Sea and Wadden Sea. 1989 English 1989vitamin A; pollution indicators; thyroid; pollution effects; disease resistance; retinol; Phoca vitulina; ANE; hormones; diets; blood; reproduction; immunity PCB; PCB compounds; bioindicators Marine Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; O 4020 POLLUTION - ORGANISMS; X 24135 Biochemistry; X 24136 Environmental impact; X 24155 Biochemistry; X 24156 Environmental impact; P 1000 MARINE POLLUTION2329988an ability of the seals to metabolize HDBPs.,%Using Smart Source Parsing pp EnglishBioaccumulation; Food webs; Trophic levels; Marine ecosystems; Pollution monitoring; Polar environments; Nitrogen; Isotopes; Marine organisms; Aquatic birds; Zooplankton; Halogenated compounds; Wildlife; Marine environment; Water pollution; halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles; Pollution effects; Chemical pollutants; Halogenated hydrocarbons; Marine fish; Marine birds; Marine mammals; Trophic relationships; Calanus hyperboreus; Mysis oculata; Sagitta; Boreogadus saida; Cepphus grylle; Rissa tridactyla; Phoca hispida; Alle alle; Larus hyperboreus; Arctic Ocean; PN, Arctic Ocean halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles; Arctic cod; Black guillemot; Black-legged Kittiwake; Ringed seal; Dovekie; Glaucous gull; Birds; Magnification factors Marine D 04802 Pollution characteristics and fate; P 1000 MARINE POLLUTION; X 24156 Environmental impact; O 4020 Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology; Q5 01504 Effects on organisms5327749 Influence of life-history parameters on organochlorine concentrations in free-ranging killer whales (Orcinus orca) from Prince William Sound, AK`ZYlitalo, G. M. Matkin, C. O. Buzitis, J. Krahn, M. M. Jones, L. L. Rowles, T. Stein, J. E. 2001>7Science of the Total Environment [Sci. Total Environ.].  281  1-3s82Certain populations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) have been extensively studied over the past 30 years, including populations that use Puget Sound, WA, the inside waters of British Columbia, Southeastern Alaska and Kenai Fjords/Prince William Sound, Alaska. Two eco-types of killer whales, 'transient' and 'resident', occur in all of these regions. These eco-types are genetically distinct and differ in various aspects of morphology, vocalization patterns, diet and habitat use. Various genetic and photo-identification studies of eastern North Pacific killer whales have provided information on the male-female composition of most of these resident pods and transient groups, as well as the approximate ages, reproductive status and putative recruitment order (birth order) of the individual whales. Biopsy blubber samples of free-ranging resident and transient killer whales from the Kenai Fjords/Prince William Sound, AK region were acquired during the 1994-1999 field seasons and analyzed for selected organochlorines (OCs), including dioxin-like CB congeners and DDTs. Concentrations of OCs in transient killer whales (marine mammal-eating) were much higher than those found in resident animals (fish-eating) apparently due to differences in diets of these two killer whale eco-types. Certain life-history parameters such as sex, age and reproductive status also influenced the concentrations of OCs in the Alaskan killer whales. Reproductive female whales contained much lower levels of OCs than sexually immature whales or mature male animals in the same age class likely due to transfer of OCs from the female to her offspring during gestation and lactation. Recruitment order also influenced the concentrations of OCs in the Alaskan killer whales. In adult male residents, first-recruited whales contained much higher OC concentrations than those measured in non-first-recruited (e.g. second recruited, third recruited) resident animals in the same age group. This study provides baseline OC data for free ranging Alaskan killer whales for which there is little contaminant information.<6Using Smart Source Parsing pp. 183-203. 17 Dec EnglishDietary intake; TCDD; DDT; Organochlorine compounds; Life history; Marine mammals; Bioaccumulation; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Trophic relationships; Food chains; Population genetics; Recruitment; Orcinus orca; USA, Alaska; INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf, Prince William Sound Killer whale; DCDD; DDY; diets Marine X 24156 Environmental impact; Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; O 4020 Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology; X 24136 Environmental impact5361072 oG&  Trace metalsHETRACE ORGANIC-CONSTITUENTS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PCB CONGENERS; PHASES Trace-metal tracers0+Trachea/anatomy & histology/*embryology TranscriptionTranscription factors$Transcription Factors/*geneticsom transfertransfer ratestransgenic organisms TransportTrialkyltin Compounds: Tributyltin$Trichechus manatus latirostris tridactyla tris(4-chlorophenol)methanoltris(4-chlorophenyl) tris(4-chlorophenyl) methane tris(4-chlorophenyl) methanol tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol Trophic Trophic LevelTrophic levelsTrophic relationships Trophic state truncatus Tryptophan$!Tryptophan Hydroxylase/metabolismTucuxi dolphinTuna: metabolismTuriops truncatus TursiopsTursiops gephyreusTursiops truncatus turtleU.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Ulcer/veterinary.Ultrastructure$!Ultraviolet Rays/*adverse effects UncinariaUnderwater noiseUnited Kingdom United States United States/epidemiologyina,'Up-Regulation (Physiology)/drug effectset(%Up-Regulation (Physiology)/immunology Uptake Upwelling Urinalysisurine$ Urochordata/embryology/*geneticsl$!Urochordates and CephalochordatesUrsusUrsus maritimusUSA USA CoastsUSA, USA, Alaska USA, Alaska,,(USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf, Prince WilliamUSA, Alaska, Cook InletUSA, Alaska, Kodiak I.$ USA, Alaska, Pribilof Is., Saint,(USA, Alaska, Pribilof Is., Saint Paul I.USA, Alaska, Prince$!USA, Alaska, Prince William SoundUSA, Alaska, St. USA, Alaska, St. George I.USA, Atlantic CoastUSA, CaliforniaUSA, California, USA, California, Monterey Bay,&USA, California, Southeast Farallon I. USA, EastUSA, East Coast USA, FloridaUSA, Florida, SarasotaUSA, MexicoGulf CoastUSA, North Carolina, USA, OregonUSA, Rhode IslandUSA, South Carolina USA, TexasUSA, Texas, Matagorda Bay,'Uterine Neoplasms/pathology/*veterinary Uterine Neoplasms/veterinaryhUteroglobin/metabolismticUteroglobin: metabolism$Uterus/*drug effects/metabolism e$Uterus/drug effects/metabolismffeUterus/metabolism Uterus:4/Vaginal Diseases/etiology/pathology/*veterinary,'Vaginal Neoplasms/pathology/*veterinary vanadiumVanadium: metabolism VariabilityVariation (Genetics)o$Variation (Genetics)/*genetics.se variations Veins/anatomy & histologyVentilatory behavior Vero Cells.S.4.Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates veterinary(#Vinyl Compounds/*analysis/chemistryniViral Vaccinesolo Virulence41Virus Diseases/epidemiology/mortality/*veterinaryVirus, Canine: geneticsVirus, Phocine: geneticsvisual sightings vitamin AVitamin A: physiology$ Vitamin E: analogs & derivatives vitulina Vocalization VolatileVolatile compoundsVolcanic eruptions VolcanoesVulva/pathologys/Wales walrusWashington, Puget SoundWasteWaste disposal wastesWaterWater and WastesWater MovementsS.Water Pollutants,0+Water Pollutants, Chemical/*adverse effects($Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysisivpAcute phase proteins and cytokines in Alaskan mammals as markers of chronic exposure to environmental pollutants:3Duffy, L. K. Bowyer, R. T. Testa, J. W. Faro, J. B. :3Rice, S. D. Spies, R. B. Wolfe, D. A. Wright, B. A.809-813 0-913235-95-4 AFS BETHESDA, MD ( )~xWe examine the usefulness of developing acute phase proteins and cytokines as markers of biological effects for free-ranging Alaskan mammals. Blood assays for these markers are already in widespread use as indicators of chemical pollution exposure, disease, and stress in humans. The acute phase response includes fever and changes in the plasma concentration of several proteins that originate in the liver. The acute phase response is mediated by cytokines, such as interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, which are released by macrophages and other cells. The few data available indicate that these biochemical markers are valuable for documenting chemical exposure when used in conjunction with an overall biostatistical model. Additional baseline studies using this nonlethal, analytical method for mammal populations are needed to characterize age, sex, and season as sources of variation. 1996Conference Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symp., Anchorage, AK (USA), 2-5 Feb 1993 Proceedings of the exxon valdez oil spill symposium., afs, bethesda, md (usa), 1996 American Fisheries Society Symposium [AM. FISH. SOC. SYMP. ], vol. 18 English Book Monograph; Conference marine mammals; mammalian physiology; pollution effects; pollution indicators; biological stress; bioassays; crude oil; oil pollution; serological studies; USA, Alaska; proteins; cytokines; petroleum; mammals; water pollution effects; bioindicators; bioassay; INE, USA, Alaska Marine Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; O 4020 Pollution - Organisms /Ecology /Toxicology; Q1 01376 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics; X 24155 Biochemistry; X 24156 Environmental impact; SW 3030 Effects of pollution; P 1000 MARINE POLLUTION3995336ZO''( 6-'(w>/@f0>@HHHW>26N Z+oqL`pP))Ol__.lJ=T\mJ)]J03Y>2#888'yve7lP>  Y  Leaver, M. J. Lebeuf, M. Ledje, C. Lee, T. C. Lefebvre, K.Lefebvre, K. A. Leibold, W. Lein, J. Lemberger, K. Lenghaus, C.Leonards, P. E.Leonards, P.E.G. Leonzio, C Leonzio, C. Lepoint, G.Letcher, R. J. Letcher, R.J.Letcher, Robert J.X Levin, M. J. Levine, J. D. Lewis, L. Lewis, W. E. Liem, A. K. Lien, J.p Liess, B.Lillestolen, T. I. Lillie, W.R. Lin, S.p Lind, P.M.Lindstroem, G. Lindstrom, G. Lipiatou, E. Lipscomb, T.Lipscomb, T. P. Liret, C. Litzky, L. K. Liu, Y. P. Livens, F. R. Lockhart, L.Lockhart, W. L.Lockhart, W.L. Loeschcke, V. Loewen, M. D.Loganathan, B. G. Loizeau, V. Long, A.K. Lopez, F. J.Lopez-Jurado, L. F.XLopez-Rodas, V.Lorentsen, S.H. Loret, E. P. Loscutoff, S.Loughlin, T. R.Loveren, H. VanLowenstine, L. J.Lowenstine, L.J. Luckas, B. Ludwig, J.P. Lukas, BpLukowski, A. B. Lund, B. O. Lusini, L. Luttik, R. LuValle, P.A. Lydersen, C. Lyons, E. T. Mabury, S. A. MacDonald, C. Mackay, D. Mackey, E. A.Mahoney, B. A. Malik, S. Malone, B. Mancusi, C. Manire, C. A. Mansuelle, P. Mansy, S. S. Marchand, B.Marcotrigiano, G. O.Marcovecchio, J. E. Marcus, J. M.Marin, R., 3rdMarine Mammal Commission Marini, L. Marsili, L Marsili, L. Martin, P. Martineau, D Martineau, D.Martinez-Bravo, Y. Maruya, K. A. Marvanek, S. Marwitz, S. Marx, M.K. Mason, C. F. Masse, Rp Masse, R. Masunaga, S. Mateo, R.Mathews, T. D. Mathieu, A. Matkin, C. O. Matsui, S.Matthiessen, P. Matz, A.p Mayo, C.A. Mazet, J. A. McAlees, A.J.McCarver, D. G.McCully, R. M.McFarland, J.M. McFee, W. McGlade, J. McGovern, E. McHugh, B. McKenzie, C. Mckinney, R.McLellan, W. A. McNeely, R. Mead, J. G. Meador, J. P. Meadows, J C Measures, L.Meemken, H. A.Meent, D. V. D.Meerts, I.A.T.M. Melin, S. R. Mendez, L.Mendoza, L. T. Menendez Soto del Valle, R. Metcalfe, C.Metcalfe, C. D.Metcalfe, C.D. Metcalfe, T. Metner, D. A. Michaud, R.Michaud, Robert Michel, P. Mikaelian, I. Miles, A. K. Miller, C Miller, C A Miller, C.A. Miller, P. E. Miller, P.A. Milne, R. Minh, T. B. Minh, Tu Binh Miramand, P. Misino, A. Mitchell, E.Mitchum, G. B.Miyahara, J. T. Miyazaki, N.Miyazaki, Nobuyuki Mizuno, T. Moeller, P.Moeller, P. D. Moerkoere, J. Moessner, S. Molcard, A. Monaci, F. Monnett, C. Monson, D. H.Montone, R. C. Montpetit, C. Moody, D.E. Moore, Mp Moore, M. Moore, M. J. Moore, M. M. Moore, M. N. Moore, M.J. Moore, S. Moore, S. E. Mora, M.A.  N Acta medicaAdv Exp Med Biol Adv Genet<8Agricultural and Biological Chemistry Agric. Biol. Chem. Am J Anat Am J Vet ResAmbio$Anal Chem Analytical Chemistry"=` Anat Anz@ Anat Rec@Ann N Y Acad Sci\WAnnual Report Netherlands Institute for Sea Research [Annu. Rep. Neth. Inst. Sea Res.].<6Annual Review of Fish Diseases [Annu. Rev. Fish Dis.]. Apmis APMIS׬ Aquat Toxicol Aquatic Mammals Aquat. Mamm.$Aquatic Mammals [Aquat. Mamm.].Aquatic Toxicol("Aquatic Toxicology Aquat. Toxicol.(%Aquatic Toxicology [Aquat. Toxicol.]. Arch Environ Contam ToxicolW84Arch Environ Health Archives of Environmental Health` Arch Toxicol,'Archives of biochemistry and biophysics\VArchives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.\YArchives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology [Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.]. ArcticArctic [Arctic]. no.0*Biochem Pharmacol Biochemical Pharmacology"> Biochim Biophys Acta` Biol ConservD@Biological Journal of the Linnean Society [Biol. J. Linn. Soc.]. Br. Vet. J.׬HBBromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna [Bromatol. Chem. Toksykol.].\VBulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.`]Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology [Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.]. no. Can J. Zool׬ Can Vet JCan. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.41Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science Canadian Journal of ZoologyW\VCanadian Journal of Zoology/Revue Canadienne de Zoologie Can. J. Zool./Rev. Can. Zool.Cent Eur J Public Health<6Chemical Research in Toxicology [Chem. Res. Toxicol.]. ChemosphereChemosphere [Chemosphere] Chromosoma׬85Clin Exp Immunol Clinical and Experimental ImmunologyD?Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Comparative Biochemistry and PhysiologyLHComparative Biochemistry and Physiology, A [Comp. Biochem. Physiol., A].LHComparative Biochemistry and Physiology, B [Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B].LFComparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C Comp. Biochem. Physiol., C.LHComparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C [Comp. Biochem. Physiol., C].\YComparative biochemistry and physiology. Part C, Pharmacology, toxicology & endocrinologyLHComparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBPConnect Tissue Res`Crit Rev Toxicol<9Dev Comp Immunol Developmental and Comparative ImmunologyDrug Metab RevD@Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.HCEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety [Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.].Environ Health PerspectEnviron Pollut Environ Res׬Environ Sci Technol`Environ Toxicol Chem`Environ. Sci. Technol.4/Environmental Conservation [Environ. Conserv.].$!Environmental health perspectivesD>Environmental Health Perspectives [Environ. Health Perspect.].D?Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Environ. Monit. Assess.,(Environmental Pollution Environ. Pollut.0+Environmental Pollution [Environ. Pollut.].4/Environmental Pollution [Environ. Pollut.]. no.($Environmental Research Environ. Res.,'Environmental Research [Environ. Res.].("Environmental science & technology@PCB, fish, birds, seal, marine mammals, sole, plaice, bivalves<6PCB, polar bear, fish, seal, organochlorine pesticides8p@8Using Smart Source Parsing 1-3, pp. 1-13. 30 Aug EnglishRadioisotopes; Radioactive contamination; Carcasses; Pollution surveys; Marine mammals; Bioaccumulation; Coastal waters; British Isles; Contamination; Plutonium; Cesium; Liver; Muscles; Radiation dosimetry; Phocoena phocoena; Pinnipedia; Seals; Water Pollution Effects; Muscle; Mammalia; ANE, British Isles Mammals Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; O 4020 Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology; X 24210 Radiation & radioactive materials; P 8000 RADIATION; SW 3030 Effects of pollution; P 1000 MARINE POLLUTION4623358 ^!  Sheahan, D.Shearman, L. P.Shelden, K. E. W.Shephard, E. A. Shi, D. Shih, C. C. Shimada, T.Shimeld, S. M. Shimizu, Y. Shipp, E. B. Shlosberg, A.Shoham-Frider, E. Shugart, L R Shugart, L. Shugart, L.R. Shull, L. R. Shull, L.R. Siebert, U. Siemann, L.A.Sierra-Beltran, A. P. Silva, M. Silvagni, P. Silver, M. Silver, M. W.Silvestre, A. M.Simmonds, M. P. Simms, W. Simms, Wendy Simon, M. Simon, MarySimplicio, P. D. Singh, J. P.Singleton, D. L. Sinha, R. K. Siniff, D. B. Skaare, J. U. Skaare, J.U. Skaare, JUSkilling, D. E. Skora, K.Sleiderink, H. M. Sloan, C. A. Slooff, W. Slooten, E. Smeenk, C. Smith, A. W. Smith, D. R. Smith, K. M. Smith, T. G. Smith, T.G. Smith, W. C. Smolen, M. J.Snowberger, E ASnowberger, E. A.Snowberger, E.A.Solbakken, J. E. Solbakken, JESolomon, K. R. Soueida, R. Sowles, J. Spanier, E. Speich, S. M. Spies, R. B. Spliid, H. Spraker, T.Spraker, T. R.Spurrier, C. J. H.St Aubin, D. J.St-Pierre, M. A. Stegeman, J Stegeman, J J Stegeman, J.Stegeman, J. J.Stegeman, J.J. Stehr, C. M.Steiger, G. H. Steiger, G.H. Stein, J. E. Stenersen, J Stenersen, J. Stephen, C.R. Stern, G. Stern, G. A. Stern, R. A.Stewart, B. E.Stewart, J. L. Stewart, J.L.Stewart, R. E. A. Stirling, I.Stishov, M. S. Stoeppler, M. Stoll, E. Stone, G S Stone, R.Storelli, M. M.Storr-Hansen, E.Storrhansen, E.Strandberg, B.Strandberg, L.Struntz, W. D. J.Subramanian, A. Sumner, D. J.Sundaram, V. P. S. Suydam, R. Suydam, R. S. Suzuki, M. Svansson, V. Swart, R.L.Swart, R.L. deSweeney, J. C.Sydeman, W. J. Taddei, F. Takahashi, A. Takahashi, S.Takahashi, Shin Takei, Y.Takeuchi, Ichiro Tamura, H. Tanabe, S.Tanabe, Shinsuke Tanaka, H. Tarleboe, J. Tarleb, JTarpley, R. J. Tashiro, C. Tatsukawa, R Tatsukawa, R.Taucher, J. A. Tautz, D. Taylor, M. K. Tefft, J. A. Ten Hallers-Tjabbes, C. C. Teramitsu, I.Tessaro, S. V. Testa, J. W. Thayer, K. A. Thomas, D. J. Thomas, G. O. Thomas, P. Thommes, R.C.Thompson, P. M. Tietge, J. E. Tilbury, K.Tilbury, K. L. Tilley, R. E. Tillitt, D.E.Timmerman, H. H.Timmerman, H.H. Timperi, R.J. Tingle, C. C.Tirpenou, A. E.Tittlemier, S.Tittlemier, S. A. Titus, E.Tjoen-A-Choy, M. R. Tollit, D. J.Tolliver, S. C. Tomy, G. T. Torok, S. M. Torok, S.M. Touart, L.W. Towell, R. G. Trainer, V.Trainer, V. L. Trebacz, E. Tremblay, L Tremblay, L.Tremblay, M. P. Trites, A.W. Troisi, G. M. Trosko, J. E. Trottier, S.Tschirret-Guth, R. A.higher than the values found in the liver of various marine mammals.,%Using Smart Source Parsing pp English{Microsomes; Liver; Marine organisms; cytochrome P450; butyltin; Marine mammals; Toxicity; Antifouling substances; Pollution effects; Animal physiology; Enzymes; Physiology; Bioaccumulation; Mammalia Mammals X 24155 Biochemistry; Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; O 4020 Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology; Q1 01376 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics; P 1000 MARINE POLLUTIONT4393697dxe molluscsAquatic reptilesIdentification of cytochrome P450 1B-like sequences in two teleost fish species (scup, Stenotomus chrysops and plaice, Pleuronectes platessa) and in a cetacean (striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba)ZSGodard, C. A. Leaver, M. J. Said, M. R. Dickerson, R. L. George, S. Stegeman, J. J. 2000$Marine environmental research50 1-5 7-10@9The cytochromes P450 (CYP) constitute a multigene family of enzymes playing a critical role in the oxidation of many endogenous and xenobiotic substrates. The CYP1 family is of particular interest in environmental toxicology because its members are dominant in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and aryl amines. Three members of the CYP1 family, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, have been identified in mammals. We report here on the identification and cloning of cytochrome P4501B-like sequences from two teleost fish species and a marine mammal. Sequences clustering with CYP1B1 in phylogenetic analysis were obtained from liver cDNA of scup (Stenotomus chrysops), genomic DNA of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), and liver cDNA of striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba).0*Using Smart Source Parsing Jul-Dec EnglishAnimal; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System: chemistry; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System: classification; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System: genetics; Dolphins: genetics; Dolphins: metabolism; Flounder: genetics; Flounder: metabolism; Human; Liver: enzymology; Mice; Perciformes: genetics; Perciformes: metabolism; Phylogeny; Polychlorinated Biphenyls: metabolism; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic: metabolism; Rats; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.n11460754" 'cn.,):^,\81"(-FNj=0@:.9>PD(_~<3vF9L/:2]O/8dyIEQR3LQ$hVWj=ZM`@J[WVJagm72/7i#OPCi5kkns yF$@{67"=h<;d;'N`g;$-s#3Z44>**8clW-rfpd\vSOE Historical trends of heavy metals and stable lead isotopes in beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the Canadian ArcticB;Outridge, P. M. Evans, R. D. Wagemann, R. Stewart, R. E. A.S 1997>7Science of the Total Environment [SCI. TOTAL ENVIRON.]. 3023209-219Historical trends of trace metal concentrations and stable Pb isotopes in teeth were determined to assess whether the current high concentrations of Cd and other heavy metals in marine mammals of the Canadian Arctic are a natural phenomenon, or are due to the long-range transport of industrial pollution. In beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Mackenzie Delta in the western Arctic, significant decreases in Pb isotope ratios indicate that the animals have been exposed to anthropogenic Pb since at least the mid-17th to late-18th centuries, well prior to the Industrial Revolution, coinciding with a period of substantial lead-silver smelting in Central Europe. A more recent decline in Pb ratios between 1775 AD and the present is consistent with the incorporation of industrial Pb from Europe and Eurasia into beluga. In contrast, walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) near Igloolik in the eastern Arctic showed no isotopic evidence of anthropogenic Pb. In both species, the present concentrations of Cd and most other metals in teeth are similar to or significantly lower than historical specimens, indicating that the current Cd levels in these marine mammals are in all probability natural, despite the elevated rates of aeolian metal deposition in Arctic regions. This incongruity may be explained by the process of 'biodepletion' (restricted transfer) of anthropogenic metals through food webs, previously reported in several marine food chains.0*Using Smart Source Parsing pp. Sep EnglishHeavy metals; Lead; Historical account; Cadmium; marine mammals; Arctic; Canada, Northwest Terr., Igloolik I.; Canada, Northwest Terr., Mackenzie R. Delta; Arctic; History; Bioaccumulation; Mammals; Marine Animals; Marine mammals; Canada, Northwest Territories; Canada, Northwest Terr., Igloolik I.; Canada, Northwest Terr., Mackenzie R. Delta; Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus; Delphinapterus leucas; PNW, Canada White whale; lead Marine P 1000 MARINE POLLUTION; SW 3030 Effects of pollution; Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; O 4020 Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology; D 04802 Pollution characteristics and fate; X 24166 Environmental impact4248060iTDDEHeavy metals and methylmercury in tissues of Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) and Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) stranded in italy (South Adriatic sea)4.Storelli, M. M. Zizzo, N. Marcotrigiano, G. O. 1999<6Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology636 703-10,&Using Smart Source Parsing Dec EnglishAnimal; Dolphins: metabolism; Female; Italy; Metals, Heavy: analysis; Methylmercury Compounds: analysis; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption; Tissue Distribution; Trace Elements: analysis; Whales: metabolism10594143Environmental contamination in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): relationship between levels of metals, methylmercury, and organochlorine compounds in an adult female, her neonate, and a calf*$Storelli, M. M. Marcotrigiano, G. O. 2000<6Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology643f 333-40,&Using Smart Source Parsing Mar English>7Animal; Animals, Newborn; Dolphins; Environmental Pollutants: adverse effects; Environmental Pollutants: analysis; Environmental Pollutants: pharmacokinetics; Female; Insecticides, Organochlorine: adverse effects; Insecticides, Organochlorine: analysis; Insecticides, Organochlorine: pharmacokinetics; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Metals, Heavy: adverse effects; Metals, Heavy: analysis; Metals, Heavy: pharmacokinetics; Methylmercury Compounds: adverse effects; Methylmercury Compounds: analysis; Methylmercury Compounds: pharmacokinetics; Pregnancy; Tissue Distribution 10757655 ~d10v81Kraus, S D Prescott, J H Knowlton, A R Stone, G S 1986SMigration and calving of western North Atlantic right whales, (Eubalaena glacialis) ? R  *#Best, P B Brownell, R Prescott, J R:4Report of the workshop on the status of right whalesSpecial Issue No. 10Rept. Int. Whal. Comm. Kraus, S D 1990\Rates and potential causes of mortality in North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) H [ Mar. Mamm. Sci.6278-291F@Elements in liver tissues of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus)tnKrone, C. A. Robisch, P. A. Tilbury, K. L. Stein, J. E. Mackey, E. A. Becker, P. R. O'Hara, T. M. Philo, L. M. 1999.(Marine Mammal Science [Mar. Mamm. Sci.].151e123-142nLivers from 20 bowhead whales taken in subsistence hunts at Barrow, Alaska, were analyzed for essential and non-essential elements. Concentrations of essential elements were similar to those found in other cetaceans. Non-essential element concentrations were generally comparable to other baleen whales and very low compared to most odontocetes. One deviation from this pattern was a relatively high level of hepatic cadmium that may be related to specific dietary factors of this krill-dependent species. No sex-related differences were found in element concentrations. Hepatic cadmium and mercury increased with animal length, and significant positive interelement correlations were found between copper/zinc and mercury/selenium. We found a mercury-to-selenium ratio much lower (1:40) than the frequently reported ratio of one to one. The data suggest that further studies of the postulated mercurydetoxifying role of selenium are warranted.0*Using Smart Source Parsing pp. Jan English^WChemical composition; Cadmium; Mercury; Copper; Zinc; Selenium; Liver; Sex differences; USA, Alaska; Balaena mysticetus; PNW, USA, Alaska, Barrow Right whales; Black right whale; Bowhead whale Q1 01376 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics; O 1050 Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates; X 24163 Metabolism; X 24166 Environmental impact4451470@:Arsenic accumulation in the liver tissue of marine mammals& Kubota, R. Kunito, T. Tanabe, S. 20012+Environmental Pollution [Environ. Pollut.]. 1152303-312Arsenic concentrations were determined in livers of 226 individuals representing 16 different marine mammal species to elucidate its accumulation with age, sex, and feeding habits. Arsenic concentrations varied widely among species and individuals, and ranged from < 0.10 to 7.68 mu g g super(-1) dry weight. Marine mammals feeding on cephalopods and crustaceans contained higher arsenic concentrations than those feeding on fishes. No significant gender difference in arsenic concentration was found for almost all the species. Also, no apparent trend with age (or body length) in arsenic accumulation was found for most of the species. It was noted that two seal species, Baikal seal and Caspian seal, from landlocked water environments, contained lower arsenic concentrations than the marine species. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study of arsenic accumulation in a wide range of marine mammal species.,%Using Smart Source Parsing pp EnglishArsenic; Liver; Aquatic animals; Marine environment; Bioaccumulation; Age; Gender; Diets; marine mammals; Pollution detection; Chemical pollutants; Correlation analysis; Biological age; Sex; Food organisms; Mammalia; Phoca sibirica; Phoca caspica; Pinnipedia Mammals; Baikal seal; Pusa sibirica; Caspian seal; Pusa caspica; Pinnipeds; Seals Marine X 24166 Environmental impact; P 1000 MARINE POLLUTION; O 4020 Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology; Q5 01504 Effects on organisms5344094jcPersistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears collected from northern Alaskab[Kucklick, J. R. Struntz, W. D. J. Becker, P. R. York, G. W. O'Hara, T. M. Bohonowych, J. E.v 2002>7Science of the Total Environment [Sci. Total Environ.]. 287 1-2jcBlubber samples from ringed seal (Phoca hispida; n = 8) and polar bear subcutaneous fat (Ursus maritimus; n = 5) were collected near Barrow, Alaska in 1996 as part of the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) and retained in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland (USA). The samples were analyzed for a variety of persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), chlordane and metabolites, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and DDTs and metabolites. The geometric mean, on a wet mass basis, of capital sigma PCBs (sum of 29 congeners and congener groups) were 732 plus or minus 282 ng/g (1 S.D.) in seals and 3395 plus or minus 1442 ng/g in polar bears. The geometric mean of capital sigma DDTs, capital sigma HCHs ( alpha -, beta - and gamma -HCH) and HCB concentrations (wet mass basis) in seals and bears were 562 plus or minus 261 ng/g vs. 74.8 plus or minus 39 ng/g, 380 plus or minus 213 ng/g vs. 515 ng/g, and 17.4 plus or minus 10.1 ng/g vs. 183 plus or minus 153 ng/g, respectively. The geometric mean sum of chlordane ( capital sigma chlordane, sum of cis- and trans-chlordane, cis- and trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide) and dieldrin concentrations in ringed seals and polar bears were 753 plus or minus 617 ng/g vs. 720 plus or minus 315 ng/g and 38.6 plus or minus 22.8 ng/g vs. 130 plus or minus 65 ng/g, respectively. Apparent bioaccumulation factors (polar bear/ringed seal POP concentrations) were lower in the animals sampled near Barrow, Alaska than in those from locations in the Canadian Arctic. This suggests that polar bears are also preying on marine mammals from lower trophic levels than the ringed seals with correspondingly lower organochlorine levels, such as bowhead whale carcasses. PCB congener patterns in the samples demonstrated the metabolism of certain PCB congeners in the polar bear relative to the ringed seal in agreement with previous studies. Regional comparisons of animals collected in Alaska and Arctic Canada are presented.:4Using Smart Source Parsing pp. 45-59. 15 Mar EnglishBioaccumulation; Organochlorine compounds; Pollution effects; PCB; Polar environments; Body fat; hexachlorocyclohexane; chlordane; hexachlorobenzene; DDT; Marine organisms; persistent organic pollutants; PCB compounds; Wildlife; Marine mammals; Body burden; Pesticides; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Dieldrin; Metabolites; Pollution detection; Pollutant persistence; Phoca hispida; Ursus maritimus; Mammalia; USA, Alaska; PNW, USA, Alaska, Barrow Ringed seal; blubber; Polar bear; Mammals; Hexachlorocyclohexane Marine X 24156 Environmental impact; P 1000 MARINE POLLUTION; O 4020 Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology; Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; X 24133 Metabolism5361411 `@ Toxic Dinoflagellates and Marine Mammal Mortalities: Expert Consultation, Woods Hole, MA (USA),99395722Muir, D. Braune, B. DeMarch, B. Norstrom, R. Wagemann, R. Lockhart, L. Hargrave, B. Bright, D. Addison, R. Payne, J. Reimer, K. piSpatial and temporal trends and effects of contaminants in the Canadian Arctic marine ecosystem: a review  Animal Arctic Regions Bears Birds Canada Cytochrome P-450/metabolism *Ecosystem Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity Food Chain Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/toxicity Liver/enzymology Mammals Marine Biology Metals, Heavy/toxicity Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Time Factors B ;Recent studies have added substantially to our knowledge of spatial and temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in the Canadian Arctic marine ecosystem. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of contaminants in marine biota in the Canadian Arctic and where possible, discusses biological effects. The geographic coverage of information on contaminants such as persistent organochlorines (OCs) (PCBs, DDT- and chlordane-related compounds, hexachlorocyclohexanes, toxaphene) and heavy metals (mercury, selenium, cadmium, lead) in tissues of marine mammal and sea birds is relatively complete. All major beluga, ringed seal and polar bear stocks along with several major sea bird colonies have been sampled and analysed for OC and heavy metal contaminants. Studies on contaminants in walrus are limited to Foxe Basin and northern Quebec stocks, while migratory harp seals have only been studied recently at one location. Contaminant measurements in bearded seal, harbour seal, bowhead whale and killer whale tissues from the Canadian Arctic are very limited or non-existent. Many of the temporal trend data for contaminants in Canadian Arctic biota are confounded by changes in analytical methodology, as well as by variability due to age/size, or to dietary and population shifts. Despite this, studies of OCs in ringed seal blubber at Holman Island and in sea birds at Prince Leopold Island in Lancaster Sound show declining concentrations of PCBs and DDT-related compounds from the 1970s to 1980s then a levelling off during the 1980s and early 1990s. For other OCs, such as chlordane, HCH and toxaphene, limited data for the 1980s to early 1990s suggests few significant declines in concentrations in marine mammals or sea birds. Temporal trend studies of heavy metals in ringed seals and beluga found higher mean concentrations of mercury in more recent (1993/1994) samples than in earlier collections (1981-1984 in eastern Arctic, 1972-1973 in western Arctic) for both species. Rates of accumulation of mercury are also higher in present day animals than 10-20 years ago. Cadmium concentrations in the same animals (eastern Arctic only) showed no change over a 10-year period. No temporal trend data are available for metals in sea birds or polar bears. There have been major advances in knowledge of specific biomarkers in Canadian Arctic biota over the past few years. The species with the most significant risk of exposure to PCBs and OC pesticides may be the polar bear which, based on comparison with EROD activity in other marine mammals (beluga, ringed seal), appears to have elevated CYP1A-mediated activity. The MFO enzyme data for polar bear, beluga and seals suggest that even the relatively low levels of contaminants present in Arctic animals may not be without biological effects, especially during years of poor feeding.oSci Total Environ 1999 230 1-3 83-144W Chan1998n yA GC/ECNI-MS method for the identification of lipophilic anthropogenic and natural brominated compounds in marine samples GC/ECNI-MS in both the full scan and selected ion monitoring modes was applied to study the patterns of brominated compounds in the blubber of marine mammals from a variety of locations. The adipose tissue of one polar bear was also studied. Occurrence of three major residues originating from the use of brominated flame-retardants (PBDE 47, 99, and 100) and several potential naturally occurring brominated compounds was studied in the samples. A series of three major natural brominated compounds (BC-1, BC-2, BC-3) recently identified in dolphins from Australia was included in this study. Two further brominated compounds, BC-10 and BC-11, were studied for the first time. ECNI-MS full scan spectra were obtained for BC-3 and BC-10. A natural mixed halogenated compound (MHC-1) and an unknown brominated compound (UBC-1) were investigated as well. Evidence for the natural production of these secondary metabolites and their bioaccumulation in higher organisms as well as analytical protocols for their detection in the environment are presented. Some of these naturally occurring compounds may be misinterpreted as anthropogenic brominated compounds. In ECNI-MS, brominated compounds are usually identified by the detection of the fragment ions m/z 79 ([79Br]-) and m/z 81 ([81Br]-). In this work, it is shown that monitoring of additional ion traces corresponding to [Br2]- (160 type), [HBr2]- (161 type), [BrCl]- (116 type), and [HBrCl]- (117 type) fragment ions allows distinguishing between different classes of brominated compounds. This technique was used to demonstrate that UBC-1 is neither a PBDE nor a PBB congener, whereas a second mixed halogenated compound (MHC-2) was identified as a result of the ECNI-MS response at m/z 114/116. Studies on blubber extracts of marine mammals from four continents resulted in the detection of significant differences in the global distribution of brominated compounds. Our results suggest that naturally occurring organobromines are more abundant than anthropogenic brominated compounds in several regions of the world./ Vetter, W.Adipose Tissue/*chemistry/metabolism Animal Bears/*metabolism Hydrocarbons, Brominated/*analysis/pharmacokinetics Mass Fragmentography/*methods Phenyl Ethers/analysis/pharmacokinetics Porpoises/*metabolism Seals/*metabolism Whales/*metabolism Anal Chem 200173204951-7.e Nov EnglishAryl hydrocarbon receptors; cDNA; TCDD; Rare species; Toxicity tests; DNA; Receptors; Analytical techniques; Amino acid sequence; Nucleotide sequence; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Bioaccumulation; Halogen compounds; Pollution effects; Delphinapterus leucas nucleic acid sequence; amino acid sequence prediction; Beluga whale; planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons; White whale Marine X 24155 Biochemistry; Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; Q1 01376 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics5412035 Phocoena phocoena; British Isles, North Sea; North Sea; ANE, British Isles, England, Cleveland, Tees Estuary; ANE, North Sea Waved whelk; English whiting; Atlantic cod; Harbor seal; Harbor porpoise; flame retardants; residual flow; nearshore dynamics; current direction X 24156 Environmental impact; P 1000 MARINE POLLUTION; Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; O 4020 Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology; AQ 00003 Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes; SW 3020 Sources and fate of pollution5533600 Fd^Overview of studies to determine injury caused by the Exxon Valdez oil spill to marine mammals4.Loughlin, T. R. Ballachey, B. E. Wright, B. A. :3Rice, S. D. Spies, R. B. Wolfe, D. A. Wright, B. A.798-808 0-913235-95-4 AFS BETHESDA, MD ( )~Marine mammal damage assessment studies after the Exxon Valdez oil spill concentrated on sea otters Enhydra lutris, harbor seals Phoca vitulina, Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus, killer whales Orcinus orca, and humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae. Sea otters and harbor seals were the most affected marine mammal; it was estimated that several thousand otters and several hundred harbor seals died within months of the spill. Steller sea lion, harbor seal, and sea otter numbers were monitored using aerial surveys. Studies of humpback whales and killer whales used photoidentification techniques to determine changes in abundance, distribution, mortality, and natality. Tissues from animals found dead in spill and control areas were analyzed for hydrocarbon levels. Sea otters, sea lions and harbor seals had elevated hydrocarbon levels, but only sea otters and harbor seals showed population declines associated with the spill. Humpback whales were not severely affected by the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Killer whale numbers in the resident AB pod declined after the spill. Coincidental evidence supports the oil spill as the causative agent. 1996Conference Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symp., Anchorage, AK (USA), 2-5 Feb 1993 Proceedings of the exxon valdez oil spill symposium., afs, bethesda, md (usa), 1996 American Fisheries Society Symposium [AM. FISH. SOC. SYMP. ], vol. 18 English Book Monograph; Conferenceoinjuries; pollution effects; marine mammals; mortality causes; oil spills; oil pollution; bioaccumulation; petroleum hydrocarbons; Enhydra lutris; Phoca vitulina; Eumetopias jubatus; Orcinus orca; Megaptera novaeangliae; USA, Alaska; mammals; marine animals; water pollution effects; mortality; Enhydra lutris; Phoca vitulina; Eumetopias jubatus; Orcinus orca; Megaptera novaeangliae; INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf, Prince William Sound; INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf Marine Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; O 4020 Pollution - Organisms /Ecology /Toxicology; X 24156 Environmental impact; SW 3030 Effects of pollution; P 1000 MARINE POLLUTION3995325g  ^lfSpatial Distribution of TCPM-H and TCPM-OH in Blue Mussel and Fish from the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic SeaLFFalandysz, J. Strandberg, B. Strandberg, L. Bergqvist, P. A. Rappe, C. 1998d]Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology [Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.]. no.3411-418F@Tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPM-OH) was for the first time quantified as an environmental pollutant in harbor seal Phoca vitulina from Puget Sound in the North America by Walker et al. (1989). Further a global scale distribution of TCPM-OH in the animals higher in their position in a trophic web such as herring gull Larus argentatus, peregrine falcon Falcon peregrinus anatum, great blue heron Ardea heroidas, beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas, harp seal Phoca groenlandica, polar bear Ursus maritimus, northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus, Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazela, Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea and Californian sea lion Zalophus californianus was indicated by Jarman et al. (1992). TCMP-OH was also quantified in marine mammal such as ringed seal Phoca hispida from the Baltic Sea (Zook et al. 1992).0*Using Smart Source Parsing pp. Sep English*#Spatial distribution; Pollution; tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol; Baltic Sea; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Alcohols; Bioaccumulation; Marine fish; Marine molluscs; Baltic Sea, Gdansk Gulf; North America, Puget Sound; Mussels; Fish; Gulfs; Organic Compounds; Marine Environment; Trophic Level; Quantitative Analysis; Pollutant Identification; Marine pollution; Aquatic organisms; Pisces; Contamination; Poland, Gdansk Gulf; Pisces; Mytilus edulis; ANE, Poland, Pomorskie, Gdansk Gulf; ANE, Baltic Sea, Gdansk Gulf Edible blue mussel; tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol; ANE, Poland, Gdansk, Gdansk Gulf; tris(4-chlorophenol)methanol; Blue mussel Marine X 24156 Environmental impact; Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; SW 3030 Effects of pollution; P 1000 MARINE POLLUTION; O 4020 Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicologyg4518168eXQSubsistence uses of fish and wildlife before and after the Exxon Valdez oil spillFall, J. A. Field, L. J. :3Rice, S. D. Spies, R. B. Wolfe, D. A. Wright, B. A.819-836 0-913235-95-4 AFS BETHESDA, MD ( )The Exxon Valdez oil spill fouled waters and beaches used for subsistence hunting, fishing, and gathering by 2,200 residents of 15 Alaska Native communities. In the year after the spill, subsistence harvests declined by as much as 77% compared to pre-spill averages in 10 of these villages, primarily because of the villagers' uncertainty about the safety of using subsistence foods that might have been contaminated by the oil. An Oil Spill Health Task Force formed to respond to these concerns. The task force coordinated a subsistence foods testing program and communicated the program's findings to the affected users. During the 3 years of these studies, marine invertebrate, fish, and marine mammal tissue samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for aromatic contaminants (ACs). Most samples had AC concentrations less than 10 parts per billion (ppb). An expert toxicological committee convened to review the study findings. The committee concluded that finfishes from all areas were safe to eat, but that intertidal invertebrates from specific areas, which had reported concentrations of greater than 1,000 ppb, should not be consumed. The success of the risk communication program in the villages was mixed, in part because of the limited number of sampling locations and samples and the long intervals between the collection of samples and communication of the interpreted results. By the end of the third year after the spill, subsistence harvest levels had rebounded but remained below pre-spill norms in several communities, especially those of Prince William Sound. Although there was evidence of recovery of subsistence uses, some households returned to using subsistence foods despite continued misgivings because of economic and cultural reasons. 1996Conference Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symp., Anchorage, AK (USA), 2-5 Feb 1993 Proceedings of the exxon valdez oil spill symposium., afs, bethesda, md (usa), 1996 American Fisheries Society Symposium [AM. FISH. SOC. SYMP. ], vol. 18 English Book Monograph; ConferenceF?oil spills; pollution effects; ecosystem disturbance; bioaccumulation; human food; artisanal fishing; aromatic hydrocarbons; petroleum hydrocarbons; hazard assessment; USA, Alaska; food contamination; social aspects; water pollution effects; fishing; foods; wildlife; USA, Alaska; INE, USA, Alaska, Alaska Gulf, Prince William Sound sociological aspects Marine Q5 01524 Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms; O 1070 Ecology /Community Studies; X 24156 Environmental impact; X 24120 Food, additives & contaminants; SW 3030 Effects of pollution; P 1000 MARINE POLLUTIONP3995327vInfluence of Chemical and Biological Factors on Trophic Transfer of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Northwater Polynya Marine Food Web0)Fisk, A. T. Hobson, K. A. Norstrom, R. J.a 2001Bd( hrlOrganochlorine and metal contaminants in baleen whales: A review and evaluation of conservation implications("O'Shea, T. J. Brownell, R. L., Jr.& Science of the Total EnvironmentSci. Total Environ.a 154, 2-3g179-200The literature on organochlorine and metal contaminants in tissues of baleen whales (Cetacea) includes data