For oceanographers, the thermometer and smoke detector hanging down is
called a CTD, which measures conductivity (salinity) and temperature at
various depths. This tried-and-true instrument is scientists’ first
tool to look for hydrothermal plumes. The CTD is lowered all the way to
the bottom and pulled up again while it is also towed by the ship,
which researchers call a “tow-yo.” CTD sensors detect slightly warmer
temperatures, mineral particles, and certain chemicals—all telltale
signs that the CTD has passed through a plume. (Photo by Chris Linder,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) Read the article »
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