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Paired microscope images of deep-sea foraminifera—species that do not secrete calcium carbonate to make their shells—reveal that some cells survived extremely high levels of CO2 directly injected over the sediments they inhabit. The image on top shows individuals seen under a microscope using transmitted light. On the bottom, after specimens are labeled with a stain, only the living specimens emit green fluorescence. In the experiment, no calcareous (calcium carbonate-forming) foraminifera survived after CO2 hydrate was injected onto the sediments in which they live. (Photos by Joan Bernhard, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)[back]
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