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Red and blue (cooler) colors indicate warmer- and cooler-than-normal temperatures surface ocean temperatures during what scientists call the positive phase of the Pacific Centennial Oscillation (PCO). Changes of even a fraction of a degree Celsius can strongly influence rainfall and storm patterns throughout the Pacific region and beyond. The negative phase of the PCO is below. (Kris Karnauskas, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)[back]
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